Page 23 - Steel Tech India eMagazine Volume April 2023
P. 23
92/ Ć ,668( Ć $SULO
UHSUHVHQWV OHVV RI D FRVW $QRWKHU LPSRUWDQW GULYHU other options require higher production costs and/or
RI WKLV FRVW UHGXFWLRQ ZLOO EH LQFUHDVLQJ WKH DYHUDJH FKDQJHV WR SURFHVVHV 'LUHFW DSSOLFDWLRQV RI &&86 DUH
FDSDFLW\ XWLOLVDWLRQ IDFWRU RI VRODU SODQWV ZKLFK ZH usually projected to have lower costs than H , although
2
DVVXPH ULVHV IURP DURXQG WRGD\ WR E\ these are highly uncertain.
7KLV LV H[SHFWHG WR EH SRVVLEOH WKURXJK D FRPELQDWLRQ ([LVWLQJ DVVHWV When considering direct CO
2
RI LPSURYHG RSHUDWLRQ DQG PDLQWHQDQFH DV ZHOO DV WKH HPLVVLRQV IURP WKH LURQ DQG VWHHO VHFWRU %) DQG
LQWURGXFWLRQ RI WKH ODWHVW VRODU WHFKQRORJLHV VXFK DV '5, IXUQDFHV DUH WKH SULQFLSDO HPLWWLQJ DVVHWV LQ WKH
GXDO D[LV WUDFNLQJ LQGXVWU\ %) DQG '5, DUH DOVR DPRQJ WKH ORQJHVW
,QIUDVWUXFWXUH 7KH GHYHORSPHQW RI + LQIUDVWUXFWXUH LV OLYHG DQG PRVW FDSLWDO LQWHQVLYH DVVHWV ZLWKLQ D VWHHO
2
VORZ DQG KROGLQJ EDFN ZLGHVSUHDG DGRSWLRQ + prices plant, and they tend to be the installations around
2 ZKLFK LQYHVWPHQW GHFLVLRQV IRU WKH SODQW DV D ZKROH
IRU FRQVXPHUV DUH KLJKO\ GHSHQGHQW RQ KRZ PDQ\
UHIXHOOLQJ VWDWLRQV WKHUH DUH KRZ RIWHQ WKH\ DUH XVHG DUH FHQWUHG 7KH DYHUDJH OLIHWLPH RI WKHVH DVVHWV LV
DQG KRZ PXFK + LV GHOLYHUHG SHU GD\ 7DFNOLQJ WKLV LV W\SLFDOO\ DURXQG \HDUV DOWKRXJK WKHUH DUH VHYHUDO
2 H[DPSOHV ± RI %)V LQ SDUWLFXODU ± ZKHUH LQVWDOODWLRQV
OLNHO\ WR UHTXLUH SODQQLQJ DQG FRRUGLQDWLRQ WKDW EULQJV DUH RSHUDWHG IRU VHYHUDO GHFDGHV ORQJHU WKDQ WKLV ZLWK
WRJHWKHU QDWLRQDO DQG ORFDO JRYHUQPHQWV LQGXVWU\ DQG D QXPEHU RI URXQGV RI UHIXUELVKPHQW 5RXJKO\ HYHU\
investors.
\HDUV DIWHU FRPPLVVLRQLQJ D SODQW SURGXFHUV ZLOO
6DIHW\ H LV D QRQ WR[LF JDV EXW LWV KLJK ÀDPH YHORFLW\ IDFH DQ LQYHVWPHQW GHFLVLRQ RQ LWV PDLQ DVVHWV $IWHU
2
EURDG LJQLWLRQ UDQJH DQG ORZ LJQLWLRQ HQHUJ\ PDNH LW HDFK \HDU SHULRG RI QHDU FRQWLQXRXV RSHUDWLRQ D %)
KLJKO\ ÀDPPDEOH 7KLV LV SDUWO\ PLWLJDWHG E\ LWV KLJK ZLOO QHHG WR KDYH LWV LQWHUQDO UHIUDFWRU\ OLQLQJ UHSODFHG
EXR\DQF\ DQG GLႇXVLYLW\ ZKLFK FDXVHV LW WR GLVVLSDWH Considering today’s weighted global average age being
TXLFNO\ ,W KDV D ÀDPH WKDW LV QRW YLVLEOH WR WKH QDNHG DERXW \HDUV IRU FRDO LQMHFWLRQ %)V ,QGLD ± \HDUV
H\H DQG LW LV FRORXUOHVV DQG RGRXUOHVV PDNLQJ LW KDUGHU \HDUV IRU JDV LQMHFWLRQ %)V \HDUV IRU FRDO EDVHG
IRU SHRSOH WR GHWHFW ¿UHV DQG OHDNV $V D OLJKW JDV RI '5, DQG \HDUV IRU JDV EDVHG '5, PXFK RI WKH
VPDOO PROHFXOHV + UHTXLUHV VSHFLDO HTXLSPHQW DQG H[LVWLQJ FDSLWDO VWRFN ZLOO VWLOO EH LQ RSHUDWLRQ GHFDGHV
2
procedures to handle it. H LV VR VPDOO LW FDQ GLႇXVH LQWR WKH IXWXUH WKH DVVRFLDWHG &2 HPLVVLRQV DUH RIWHQ
2
2
LQWR VRPH PDWHULDOV LQFOXGLQJ VRPH W\SHV RI LURQ DQG FRQVLGHUHG WR EH ³ORFNHG LQ´
VWHHO SLSHV DQG LQFUHDVH WKHLU FKDQFH RI IDLOXUH ,W DOVR :DWHU 7KH RYHUDOO VXLWDELOLW\ RI VWHDP PHWKDQH
HVFDSHV PRUH HDVLO\ WKURXJK VHDOLQJV DQG FRQQHFWRUV UHIRUPDWLRQ SURFHVV RI ODUJH VFDOH SURGXFWLRQ RI + in
2
WKDQ ODUJHU PROHFXOHV VXFK DV 1* FRXQWULHV OLNH ,QGLD LV OLPLWHG FRQVLGHULQJ DYDLODELOLW\
DQG FRVW RI 1DWXUDO JDV 7KH ORZ FRVW DQG VXႈFLHQW
7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ DQG VWRUDJH SOD\V DQ LPSRUWDQW UROH LQ
WKH YDOXH FKDLQ HFRQRPLFV DQG LQWHJUDWLRQ /LNH RWKHU DYDLODELOLW\ RI FRDO LQ ,QGLD PDNH WKH FRDO JDVL¿FDWLRQ
D SRWHQWLDOO\ FRVW HႇHFWLYH URXWH IRU + production.
energy carriers, H SUHVHQWV KHDOWK DQG VDIHW\ ULVNV 2
2 +RZHYHU FRDO JDVL¿FDWLRQ SURFHVV ZRXOG EH KLJKO\
when used on a large scale and can slow, or even HPLVVLRQ LQWHQVLYH ZLWKRXW &&6 :LWK WKH SRWHQWLDO IRU
SUHYHQW WKH GHSOR\PHQW RI D QHZ HQHUJ\ WHFKQRORJ\ ]HUR FDUERQ + HOHFWURO\VLV SURFHVV IRU + production
2
2
LI WKH ULVNV DUH QRW ZHOO FRPPXQLFDWHG DQG PDQDJHG DSSHDUV WR EH D SURPLVLQJ URXWH FRQVLGHULQJ ,QGLD¶V
7HFKQRORJ\ IRU ODUJH VFDOH + transportation and
2 VLJQL¿FDQW SRWHQWLDO IRU UHQHZDEOH HOHFWULFLW\ JHQHUDWLRQ
storage is still untested. WKURXJK ERWK ZLQG DQG VRODU HQHUJ\ $URXQG / RI ZDWHU
&RPSHWLWLYH WHFKQRORJLHV ,I LQVWHDG RI IROORZLQJ DUH QHHGHG WR SURGXFH NJ + WKURXJK HOHFWURO\VLV RI
2
current trends, an alternative pathway were to be ZDWHU SURGXFLQJ NJ RI 2 DV D E\ SURGXFW ZKLFK DW
2
IROORZHG WKDW DOLJQV WKH IXWXUH GHYHORSPHQW RI WKH VPDOOHU VFDOH FDQ EH XVHG LQ WKH KHDOWK FDUH VHFWRU
VWHHO VHFWRU ZLWK WKH JRDOV RI WKH 3DULV $JUHHPHQW RU DW D ODUJHU VFDOH IRU LQGXVWULDO SXUSRVHV +RZHYHU
WKH RXWORRN IRU VWHHO SURGXFWLRQ LQ WKH VHFWRU FRXOG EH IUHVKZDWHU DFFHVV FDQ EH DQ LVVXH LQ ZDWHU VWUHVVHG
YHU\ GLႇHUHQW ,Q VXFK D SDWKZD\ WKH VKDUH RI VFUDS DUHDV *HRJUDSKLFDOO\ PDWFKLQJ ORFDWLRQV RI ORZ FRVW
recycling in total steel production, which on an average renewable electricity and water sources present a
HPLWV W&2 WFV H[FOXGLQJ FUXGH VWHHO SURFHVVLQJ VLJQL¿FDQW FKDOOHQJH
2
as against 2.2 tCO WFV IRU %) %2) URXWH H[FOXGLQJ /DUJH VFDOH SURGXFWLRQ 6WHHOPDNHUV FDQQRW EH
2
FUXGH VWHHO SURFHVVLQJ LV SURMHFWHG WR JURZ PRUH expected to directly invest in access to H in industrial
2
UDSLGO\ 2QH FDQ¶W VZLWFK LPPHGLDWHO\ DV WKHUH VLPSO\ quantities. H LV DOPRVW HQWLUHO\ VXSSOLHG IURP 1DWXUDO JDV
2
LVQ¶W HQRXJK VFUDS DYDLODEOH WR PHHW VWHHO GHPDQG $OO and coal today. H is already with us at industrial scale
2
STEEL TECH