Page 28 - Steel Tech India eMagazine Volume January 2021

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for each ton of liquid steel.The DRI-EAF route is able to
cut CO emissions in half; and, using hydrogen instead
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of natural gas as a reducing atmosphere, lower the
relevant emissions close to zero. As iron ore represents
75% of the raw material in steel production, it is clear
how fundamental is the transition from the BF-BOF
traditional route to the Direct Reduction plus EAF.
Danieli is well present in this scenario with its Energiron
technology, a “H ready” process. In the sector,
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everybody now considers H a dramatic step ahead
2
for steel production from iron ore. H introduces a
Fig.2: Greenhouse gas emission trends: emissions, 2
projections and targets for th EU compared against 1990 transformative shift in emissions reduction, comparable
levels (Million tons of CO equivalents) to the deep change that electrical mobility is bringing to
2
transportation (from cars to trucks, trains etc.).
Source: European Environmental Agency
The issue arises when we start asking where the
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Agreement. energy needed to produce H (or electricity for EV) is
2
coming from; fossil fuel is clearly not the answer, since
The 2020 target was reached in Europe in 2016, while it will maintain the level of CO unchanged, but would
2
the next target is extremely challenging: assuming the just move them away from the user. Then, the next step
current trend remains steady, the 2030 objective will be forward is the creation of green energy from renewable
missed. “On average, 1.85 tons of CO were emitted for sources, and Danieli is supporting this transition with
2
every ton of steel produced in 2018: The steel industry hybrid plant solutions. We are ready to supply the
generates between 7% and 9% of direct emissions H-MIDA, an evolution of the well-known MIDA concept
from the global use of fossil fuel”. (Source: worldsteel. for continuous casting and rolling of long products,
org). The main routes for crude steel production (Figure able to self-produce up to 25% of required energy from
3), depending on raw material (iron ore or scrap) renewable sources.
and process (for iron ore: BFBOF or DRI-EAF) have This technology is possible thanks to a different
completely different CO emission rates. application Danieli offers, on top of which is the Q-ONE
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Note: Each of the routes for crude steel production for the DDM (Danieli Digital Melter, our evolution of
generates a vastly different amount of CO emissions the EAF). The original MIDA itself, thanks to a process
2
based on both raw material and process adopted. that does not need intermediate heating, is able to
cut almost to zero the direct CO emissions after the
In this context, processing iron ore into steel through 2
the BF-BOF route results in the most pollution, with melt shop. Grey electrical energy for motors and arc
around 2 tons of CO for each ton of liquid steel, while furnace electrodes represents indirect CO emissions
2
2 minimized thanks to the H-MIDA.
the EAF (from scrap) produces less than 0.4 ton of CO
2

Fig.3: Each of the routes for crude steel production Fig.4: With Energiron, It’ll be possible to make huge
generates a vastly different amount of CO emissions strides in green steelmaking by generating H from
2
2
based on both raw material and process adopred renewable sources, steel production emissions will be
drastically reduced
26 STEEL TECH